Museology and courses

We are providing few information collected from various sources about Museology, which will help and guide the students related to its courses and institutes offering such courses.

Students who completed  12th class can apply for Bachelor of Arts in Archeology and Museology. Admission to the course is carried out on the basis of the marks scored in qualifying exam.

Graduation in any of the arts stream required for the admission to M.A in Museology which  is  two-year course.

• Banaras Hindu University
• National Museum Institute of History of Art
• Conservation and Museology
• University of Rajasthan, etc offers this two-year course.

Admission is offered either on the basis of the marks scored in the qualifying examination or the score in the written test.

Few Postgraduate Diploma courses is available in

• Museology
• Museology and Conservation
• Museology and History of Indian Arts

National Institute of History of Art Conservation and Museology, Calcutta University, etc offers admission to Ph.D program in Museology through written test. Master’s degree in Museology or other related subjects is the essential qualification for pursuing doctoral degree in Museology.

Anthropologist and Opportunities

Anthropology is a field of social science, concerned with human life and origin. An Anthropologist is a social scientist who deals with the studies regarding the origin and cultural, physical, and social advancement of human beings. Various career opportunities is available in an organizations such as

• Research Institutes
• Museums
• Public Health Organizations
• Cultural Centres
• Libraries
• Planning Commissions
• Archives
• Art Galleries.

One can also find out numerous opportunities in Anthropological Survey of India. The job prospects offered in these departments for an Anthropologist are listed below.

• Physical Anthropologist
• Biological Anthropologist
• Social Anthropologist
• Prehistoric Anthropologist
• Applied Anthropologist
• Linguistic Anthropologist
• Medical Anthropologist
• Forensic Anthropologist
• Business Anthropologist
• Visual Anthropologist
• Environmental Anthropologist
• Museum Anthropologist.

Opportunities available in Archaeology

Archaeology is the sciences which studies the human history or deals with human cultures by recovery, analysis, and documentation of material remains. It also includes the study of environmental data such as artifacts, architecture, landscapes, features, and biofacts.

Archaeology have the following branches

• Epigraphy
• Museology
• Aarchives
• Numismatics. 

Archaeology deals many specializations like Ethno archaeology, Archaeometry, Geoarchaeology, Isotope analysis, Bioarchaeology, Historical Archaeology, Experimental Archaeology, Computational Archaeology etc. The interested students can pursue graduate, diploma, PG diploma, post graduate, and doctoral courses in Archaeology. The minimum qualification required for a bachelor degree in Archaeology is 12th or equivalent

An Archaeologist can find employment opportunities in museums, archives, as well as in various research institutes. One can avail the job opportunities in the following organisation:

• Institute of Archaeology,
• National Museum Institute
• Delhi Institute of Heritage Research and Management
• Tourism Industry, Cultural Centres
• Underwater Archaeology wing
• Archaeological Survey of India
• Historic Division of Ministry of External Affairs.

Various job profiles of Archaeologists in these areas include:

• Aerial Archaeologist
• Computational Archaeologist
• Experimental Archaeologist
• Ethno Archaeologist
• Forensic Archaeologist
• Historical Archaeologist
• Maritime Archaeologist
• Zoo Archaeologist.

Bachelor of History and Archaeology

One who is interested to know about the various forms and spheres of the world, can opt for the, courses like Bachelor of history and archaeology. This involves the survey and investigation of past and of the historical spheres.

The course of bachelor in history and archaeology includes study of pre existing monuments, its remaining and other traces which can give any trace about the past. The course on research programs can be opt, on the basis of various historical scripts with various kinds of studies carried on fossils, monuments’ remaining etc. Delhi university is consider to be the best in offering such courses.

To get into such courses one need to complete at least 10 + 2 with science or geography or history. Course duration of Bachelor in history and archaeology

is of three years. On completion of this course, one can seek job in various kinds of research projects or in some explorations with the government even personal research too.

Printing Press Engineering

Printing press engineering is known to be a growing sector. It is process of printing technology and deals mainly with printing and transaction. The printing technology is also about the study  of the text and graphics to make a final print.

There are many short terms as well as regular courses in the printing technology domain.  Most popular is B.Tech in printing press engineering. The candidates are required to attend the entrance exam as part of the recruitment criterion to join for this course.

There are various job opportunities in this field. The candidates who are qualified in this area of printing pres engineering can opt for the following job prospects in the following areas –

• Government Press
• Newspapers/Magazines
• Publishing Houses
• Printing Houses
• Electronic publishing
• Packaging
• Research and development
• Quality Control
• Digital Printing
• Designing
• Security Printing. 

Following are the  job opportunities available in some of the government sector organisations after successfully completing this course–

• National Book Trust
• Publication Division
• Sahitaya Akademi
• Indira Gandhi National Open University
• National Council of Educational Research and Training.

Engineering in Printing Technology

The course is concerned mostly with the management of the jobs with printing in a printing press. Almost every procedures of assembling the films for the operating printing equipments and the well finished jobs of cutting the finished works; are enlightened to the students. The eligibility criterion is 10+2 with compulsory physics, chemistry and mathematics subjects.

The course duration is four years which includes trainings and various practical activities.  Various printing presses require candidates with a bachelor degree in printing technology like the newspaper printing press and the printing presses of the magazines and journals. Candidates must have sound knowledge as a quality technician to avail the job opportunities.

Few reputed places to pursue such course are:

• Calicut University
• Anna University
• BMS College of Engineering
• Manipal Instittute of Technology
• Avinashilingam University for Women
• Guru Jambeshwar University of Science and technology.

Printing Engineering

This course is all about the study of production of a text or an image, exploiting the ink and the printing press. This course is comprised of four years duration.

The eligibility criterion requires the candidates to have passed 10+2 or its equivalent from any recognized university or board with the subject’s combination as physics, chemistry and mathematics.

Various Job opportunities with good salary packages are available in the printing press, journals and magazines press. Candidates must have sound knowledge about the various tools and machinery which forms the basic tool for boosting their qualities as technicians. Following is the best Places to study such courses:

• Manipal Institute of Technology
• Anna University
• Kurukshetra University
• Jadavpur University
• Guru Jambeshwar University of Science and Technology
• West Bengal University of Technology.

Thus, this field is known as challenging and high demand field.

Difference between Plant Pathologists and Silvi culturists

Both plant pathologists and Silviculturists are interesting and high demand courses. Where Plant pathology is the systematic study of the different plant syndromes, caused by either pathogens or physiological factors. Silviculture deals with practice of maintaining the set up, augmentation, composition, physical condition, worthiness and eminence of woods to meet the wide-ranging needs of the society and to safeguard the pre-historical ethics.

The plant pathology course is an advanced level studies. In order to become a Plant Pathologist, students have to complete their post graduation course in Plant Pathology. Biological or Agricultural sciences graduates can study the Masters’ courses in the concerned areas. Students with the doctoral programs in Plant Pathology can carry out research and development activities in the respective fields. Plant pathology is having many specializations like

• Weed sciences
• Entomology
• Nematology

Students have good career opportunities in Government agricultural departments, tissue culture and diagnostic laboratories, agro-based industries, fertilizer companies.

Individual interested in Silviculturist have to pursue the graduation course in Forestry. The post graduation program in Forestry with Silviculture as a specialization helps them to make advancements in their career. After having a PhD in Silviculture and Forest Management, one expect to be  in research and development.

Silviculturists have huge job employments in the Ministry of Environment and Forests, media and publication, international agencies and the Forestry Departments, Silviculture lecturers in Universities. Those who are interested in Forestry Department have to pass the relevant Government tests.

Difference between the Oceanography and Marine Biology course

Students at the time of choosing career often get confused with oceanography and marine biology, thus below information will help and guide the students to know important details of both the courses with their job opportunities.

Oceanography is the study of the entire aspects of ocean which includes oceans currents and plate tectonics.

Marine biology deals with the study of the various life forms and salty bodies present in water. It is mainly concerned with microscopic organisms to the gigantic cetaceans.

Students interested in the Oceanography field can opt for the courses available under graduate and post graduate field courses in the field. Since it is an enormous field, there are abundant opportunities for those who have completed their studies in oceanography.

Marine biology is considered to be a vast sector, which involves all the life forms in water. Those who are interested in studying about the water animals can opt for UG or PG courses in the respective areas, also can pursue PhD. Marine biology has further sub-divisions such as:

• Microbiology
• Marine ethology
• Marine mammology
• Deep-sea ecology Fisheries and Aquaculture
• Ichthyology.      

M.Sc Zoology and Job opportunities

M.Sc Zoology is consider to be an interesting subjects, where aspirants get to know in details related to animals, also includes the study regarding the structure, evolution, embryology, taxonomy, behaviours, and distribution of living and extinct animals.

After completion of the B.Sc programme, one can opt for M.Sc Zoology course, which opens up wide scope of securing a rewarding career.

Once completion of M.Sc Zoology, students interested in research can opt for PhD. students after the master degree with Zoology, can get good job in govt. College / high school.

The genetic and microbiological research areas of zoology also provide vast scope for the M.Sc Zoology aspirants. Job opportunities in government sector are also enormous as that in the private sector.

                                

Various government departments such as the UPSC, SSC, state PSC, etc conducts examination for recruitment of the candidates. Many opportunities are available in forensic science department also. Research field can look out for a opening in BARC, ISRO etc

There are unlimited career opportunities which an M.Sc in Zoology graduates can look forward. Various private sector firms’ specially chemical as well as pharmaceutical companies recruit huge M.Sc Zoology graduates. The demand for these graduates is increasing day by day due to the faster growth of the industries. The various jobs to which the aspirants can get into are listed below.

• Biological Laboratory Technician
• Conservationist
• Environmental Consultant
• Herpetologist
• Veterinary Technologist
• Wildlife Educator
• Wildlife Rehabilitator
• Zookeeper
• Zoologist
• Medical laboratories
• Wildlife rehabilitation centres
• Hatcheries
• Agricultural departments
• Museum services
• Conservation agencies
• Scientific civil services
• Media
• Environmental or Ecosystem management sector
• Environmental consulting firms.

Hope, this information will help and guide the students to

know about the various job opportunities areas for their bright

career.

Difference between Data Entry job and Transcriptions job

The job profile of individuals involved in data entry and transcription are much related. The work process of both the job includes feeding data in to the computer through keyboard. Thus completion of minimum 12th class is the necessary qualification required in both the jobs. Both the professionals should be accurate in their work and should possess adequate keyboard skills. Few differences between them are:

The main job responsibility assigned with data entry operator is to input the data given to them. The data given may be handwritten or it may be in the form of some reports or statistics, which is to be recorded for future reference. There is a huge availability of  job opportunities in almost all the sectors.

A transcriptionist on the other hand converts an audio file in to an electronic report. The transcriptionist usually seeks employment with legal or with medical sector. Here one can work with legal firms, outsourcing companies, hospitals and so on.

Know the difference between Forensic Pathologist and Medical Examiner

Experts involved in finding out the exact biological reason for the death are known as medical examiners. Performing autopsies and examination of the entire internal parts of the dead body to know the main cause of the death is the job profiles of the medical examiners. They mainly concentrate only on the biological reason for death and therefore have the huge job opportunities in the health care facilities and hospitals. Eligibility to become a Medical Examiner is the MBBS degree.

Whereas Forensic Pathologists, comes under the category of Medical Examiners. Performing the laboratory tests on the tissues taken from the dead person and investigate on the cause of the death including its motivation is the job profiles of Forensic Pathologists. They usually deal with the criminal cases. Forensic Pathologists can find many opportunities in private or government investigative agencies. Where CBI employs the candidates to their Forensic Science Laboratory only through the exam held by Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). Forensic Pathologists should have a MBBS degree and MD degree to be in Forensic Medicine.

  

Various Courses in Food Technology

Food technology deals with the different technologies applied in the processing, preservation, packaging and distribution of food. Emergence of many food based industry is the only reason of the increase in demand for food technologists.

Various kind of food technology courses are offered in India which is given below.

Undergraduate courses:

Most of the undergraduate programs have three years duration except Bachelor of Engineering and Bachelor of Technology courses.

• Bachelor of Engineering in Food Technology and Bio-Chemical Engineering
• Bachelor of Engineering in Food Technology
• Bachelor of Science in Food Processing Technology
• Bachelor of Science in Food Science and Quality Control
• Bachelor of Science in Food Sciences
• Bachelor of Science in Food Technology
• Bachelor of Science in Food and Nutrition
• Bachelor of Science in Microbial and Food Technology
• Bachelor of Science in Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Service Management
• Bachelor of Science in Nutrition and Food Service Management
• Bachelor of Applied Science in Food Technology
• Bachelor of Technology in Agricultural and Food Engineering
• Bachelor of Technology in Food Science
• Bachelor of Technology in Food Technology.

Postgraduate courses:

All the post graduate courses have duration of two years.

• Master of Arts in Food Nutrition
• Master of Engineering in Processing and Food Engineering
• Master of Science in Food Science and Technology
• Master of Science in Food Technology
• Master of Science in Microbial and Food Technology
• Master of Technology in Dairy and Food Engineering
• Master of Technology in Food and Nutrition
• Master of Technology in Food Biotechnology
• Master of Technology in Food Safety and Standards
• Master of Technology in Food Technology
• Doctor of Philosophy in Food and Dairy Technology
• Doctor of Philosophy in Food Biotechnology
• Doctor of Philosophy in Food Engineering and Technology
• Doctor of Philosophy in Food Science and Technology
• Doctor of Philosophy in Food Technology.

Diploma courses:

Diploma in Nutrition and Food Technology is an eighteen month course while other diploma courses have duration of one year.

• Diploma in Food and Nutrition
• Diploma in Food Science and Quality Control
• Diploma in Nutrition and Food Technology.

Certificate courses:

Certificate courses offered in food technology have duration of two years.

• Certificate course in Food Technology
• Certificate course in Food Production and Patisserie
• Certificate course in Food and Nutrition.

Fishery Sciences

Fishery science is the study of science which includes managing and understanding fisheries, it is consider as multi disciplinary science. Oceanography, marine conservation, ecology, population dynamics, economics, management, marine biology, bio-economics etc are the

main subjects taught in fishery science.

Bachelors in fishery science, the candidate must have passed the higher secondary school certificate exam with compulsory subjects like biology, physics, and chemistry. The admission is mostly on merit basis. Bachelor

in fishery science comprised of three year. More emphasis is given on practical training. In theory, the student is taught about the various techniques of fishing and the ways of managing fishery. Few reputed

University offering this courses are

• Osmania University, Hyderabad
• Manipur University, Imphal
• Gujrat Agricultural University
• Marathwada University, Aurangabad
• Goa University, Goa

On the completion of this course, individual gets job opportunities in aquaculture technology and industries based on fishing and development.

Career as Veterinary Technologist

People must not get confused with veterinary doctors and veterinary technologists. In detail Veterinary Technologists are the technicians who assist the veterinarian in treating sick animals. They mainly deal with conducting blood tests, developing x-ray and making tissue samples. They are responsible for the animals, which are kept under research laboratory settings. Their job profile also includes counselling to the pet owners and training the newly appointed technician.

Students can become a Veterinary Technologist by selecting veterinary technology program either of two year or four year program from any recognized institution. Before opting for the above course student must have completed pass their 12th standard examination with Biology and mathematics.

To have a good career growth as Veterinary Technologists, one should have good communication skills, good organization skills and listening skills.

Genetic course a demanding course

Students much interested in working in forensic department have good career opportunities by opting Genetics courses. Genetic course is all about the study of human chromosomes which is made up of DNA (Deoxy ribo nucleic acid). This course is also a platform for research in the gene structures of living organisms. Therefore, students who want to explore more in the field of genes and genetic structure can apply for this courses.

There are many graduates and post graduates courses offered in genetics field

by many reputed universities of India. Apart from B.Sc, M.Sc and PhD courses in genetics, candidates can opt, the same courses in engineering field also. Few available courses are as follows:

• B.Sc in genetic engineering
• B.Sc Biotechnology
• B.S.C forensic science
• M.Sc. biotechnology
• M.Sc. applied genetics
• M.Sc.Medical Microbiology
• BE (Bachelors of Engineering) in agriculture
• B.tech in bioinformatics
• B.tech in genetic engineering
• BSc (Bachelors of Science) in Agriculture
• BSc (Bachelors of Science) in Microbiology
• BSc (Bachelors of Science) in Biochemistry
• BSc (Bachelors of Science) in Genetics.

In case where candidate hasn’t studied mathematics in the 10+2 level

then, can chooses for graduation, Bachelor of Science degree in genetics.

But candidates applying for degree courses in genetic must compulsorily

have science background.

Career in Aviation industry

Aviation industry is consider to be one of  the challenging industry.With attractive salary and excellent career opportunities makes this industry to be one of the most demanding industry in India as well in abroad. To be in more details:

The term Aviation refers to all type of activities that comprise of the operation of aircrafts. Following are the Aviation courses available for the students, who are looking for the prospective future in this Industry:

• Flying Operation
• Aircrew
• Aircraft
• Air Traffic Management
• Technical Aspects of Flight
• Aviation Safety
• Regulatory Policies
• Economics of Airport

Top aviation institutions in India are:

• Bharat Institute of Aeronautics, Patna
• Flytech Aviation Academy, Andhra Pradesh
• Hindustan Institute of Aeronautics, Bhopal
• Indian Institute of Aeronautics Science, Jamshedpur
• Indian Institute of Aeronautics, Delhi
• Institute of Aviation and Aviation Safety (IAAS) Mumbai University
• Nasik Rural Foundation for Education & Human Resource Development’s Pravara Aviation Academy
• Padmashree Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil

Qualified candidates get job opportunities into major airlines and airport in India as well as in International level with good profile and high salary packages.

CAD Design Engineer

Computer Aided Designing (CAD) is consider to be a value addition courses

and is an high demand course. Graduation degree is the eligibility criterion which is required to enrol for CAD design engineer. Student with the background of Architecture has wide application of Computer Aided Designing. Following are the list of professional CAD courses:

• 3D Visualization for Engineers
• Diploma in Product Design
• Master Diploma in Building Design
• Master Diploma in Electrical CADD
• Master Diploma in Electronic CADD
• Master Diploma in Land Development
• Master Diploma in Product Design and Analysis
• Professional Diploma in Electronic CADD
• Professional Diploma in Product Design and Analysis
• Post graduate Diploma in CAD

After completing the professional CAD course, various job profile is available like, Executive-New Product Development, Executive-Design, Design Engineer, CAD Engineer, etc in laboratories, engineering firms, and industrial plants. 

Options for higher studies in the field of Mathematics

There are many scopes in India and abroad for the higher studies for the students, after completion of Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics.

Students can do Master of Science and Master of Arts courses in various branches of mathematics provided, he/she should have completed their bachelor’s degree in the allied fields. Even for doing Master of Philosophy and doctoral courses in Mathematics, students must have completed their masters level course in Mathematics.

Some of the higher study options after Bachelor of Science in Mathematics are listed below.

• Master of Science in Financial Mathematics
• Master of Science in Social Research Methods and Statistics
• Master of Science in Mathematical Trading and Finance
• Master of Science in Mathematics and Computing for Finance
• Master of Science in Statistics with Applications in Medicine
• Master of Science in Operational Research and Finance
• Master of Science in Applied Mathematical Modelling and Scientific Computing
• Master of Science in Pure Mathematics
• Master of Science in Mathematical economics
• Master of Science in Bio-statistics
• Master of Science in Applied Mathematics
• Master of Science in Agricultural Statistics
• Master of Science in Mathematical Statistics
• Master of Science in Statistics
• Master of Science in Pure Mathematics
• Master of Science in Computational Mathematics
• Master of Arts in Mathematics
• Master of Arts in Mathematical Statistics
• Master of Philosophy in Applied Mathematics
• Master of Philosophy in Mathematics
• Master of Philosophy in Statistics
• Master of Philosophy in Computing and Mathematical Sciences
• Ph.D in Mathematics
• Ph.D in Math Education

Huge career options are available after completion of the higher studies in the field of Mathematics like  Math Teacher / Math Professor / Demographer / Statistician / Accountant / Technical Writer / Researcher / Aerodynamics Specialist / Computer Programmer / Loan Officer / Economist / Treasury Management Specialist in various governmental as well as private organizations such as schools, colleges, universities, banks, investment firms, insurance agencies, engineering firms, technical journals, utility companies, research & development firms and so on.

Know the difference between subject fields before choosing the career

Sometimes life becomes more easy and simple if we know the exact meaning of few things. Especially for the students, while choosing their career they come across many courses which sounds similar but are different in many ways. Proper guidance and information helps the students in more better way in selecting the right career. Below information will help an individual to know the difference between the few courses in details.

Difference between Science and Applied science:

The first and foremost difference Science and Applied science is their approach towards the subject. Science courses deals more on the theoretical aspects of the subjects in depth and detailed study. Applied science deals with the subject and the methods of application of science in that subject.

Applied science is more scientific and technological oriented than the Science. The applications and uses of technological principals are more in Applied Science than in Science

The duration course of science has no ending, the same does applies for applied science also but since the subject deals with the application more, thus, the students pursuing this course has to get ready for the application of their study. That is the reason why the students with applied science get in to the jobs before the students of science courses.

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Difference between Science and Engineering:

Science is basically study of things with their scientific orientation. Study or knowing about anything is also termed to be as science. Science courses are related more toward the theoretical knowledge than practical about the thing.

On the other hand, Engineering is a particular science that deals with more practical than theory. The main approach of the engineering course is towards the practical application.

Technology and scope of the course in science is unbounded but still there are some limitations. The scope of engineering is not very wide like science but is very specific and sort of concentrated. Technology and scope of the course in Engineering is unlimited.

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Difference between Computer Hardware Engineer and Computer Software Engineer:

 A Computer Hardware Engineer is a professional who test, diagnose, install various computer hardware including microchips, keyboards, circuit boards, modems and also routers. He should have a Bachelor of degree in Computer Engineering or else Masters Degree or Doctorate in Engineering.

A Computer Software Engineer is a professional who involves in the design and creation of new software. He should have a Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science Engineering to gets more exposure to programming or can opt for Masters Degree or Doctorate in Engineering on various specializations related to programming.

Scope after MSc Chemistry

After completion of two years course of post graduation in chemistry

various higher study options are available for the students. The following

list of courses will guide the students in choosing their higher studies in

chemistry field.

• Master of Philosophy in Analytical Chemistry
• Master of Philosophy in Applied Chemistry
• Master of Philosophy in Chemistry
• Master of Philosophy in Geo engineering
• Master of Science in Analytical Chemistry
• Master of Science in Applied Chemistry
• Master of Science in Drug Chemistry
• Master of Science in Electro Chemistry
• Master of Science in Hydrochemistry
• Master of Science in Medicine Chemistry
• Master of Science in Organic Chemistry
• Master of Science in Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
• Master of Science in Physical & Materials Chemistry
• Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Chemistry
• Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry
• Doctor of Philosophy in Electro Chemistry
• Doctor of Philosophy in Industrial Chemistry
• Doctor of Philosophy in Inorganic Chemistry (Nuclear & Radiochemistry)
• Doctor of Philosophy in Ion Exchange
• Doctor of Philosophy in Organic Chemistry

Students with their post graduation in MSc. Chemistry can find good job

opportunities both in public and private sector organisations in the following

profiles.

• Analytical Chemist
• Teacher
• Lab Chemist
• Production Chemist
• Research & Development Manager
• R & D Director
• Chemical Engineering Associate
• Biomedical Chemist
• Industrial Research Scientist
• Materials Technologist
• Quality Controller
• Production Officer
• Safety Health and Environment Specialist.

Difference between MSc Computer Science and MCA

MSC computer science and Masters in Computer Application are post graduation courses in computer science discipline. Students apart from B.SC computer science or BSC computer technology can opt for MCA course.  Eligibility for MSC computer science course is that, one must be a graduate in computer science or have a background in science and maths.

MSc in Computer Science is a two years course and covers various areas like technology, science, business and education. and have the job opportunities in software development, testing and networking. Even an individual can go for teaching or research field. Whereas MCA degree is a 3 year course, and  have job opportunities in IT companies and consultancy firms. Job profile includes is Software Programmer, Software Engineer, Software Developer, Systems Analyst, Software Application Architect, and Software Consultant.

Thus, the above information will guide the student in distinguishing

between M.S c computer Science and MCA.

Good Scope of Astrophysics in India

Due to the lack of proper counselling  in colleges or incomplete information from faculty members makes students to opt for the courses which is known in common. Most of the students after completion of their B.Sc physics opts for M.sc Physics, Master in computer application (MCA) or MBA, MSC Biophysics, GRE. but besides the above courses I would like to add one more suitable course which is known as Astrophysics course, have wide range of scope in India as well as in abroad. 

Astrophysics can be studied at the bachelors, masters, and Ph.D. levels in aerospace engineering, physics, or astronomy departments at many universities.

In details, Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties (luminosity, density, temperature, and chemical composition) of celestial objects such as galaxies, stars, planets, exo planets, and the interstellar medium, as well as their interactions. The study of cosmology is theoretical astrophysics at scales much larger than the size of particular gravitationally-bound objects in the universe.

Individual on completion of this course can become scientist in ISRO or can go abroad in research and development field.

Career Opportunities in B.Sc in Plant Science and B.Sc in Plant Pathology

The studies and researches of plant help in finding the solutions for many environmental problems.  Based on this, there are many educational institutes which offer several courses on plants in different perspectives. Few of them are B.Sc in Plant Science and B.Sc in Plant Pathology.

Where B.Sc in Plant Science studies about the functioning of plants and its influence on nature. This concentrates on the whole functioning of the plants and its impact on nature. B.Sc in Plant Pathology deals with the study of micro organisms, which can cause diseases on plants. Mainly, focuses on the plant health by studying about the influence of micro organisms on plants.

There is an immense opportunities and scope in both the fields, which is discussed below in details:

Where after completion of B.Sc degree in Plant Science individual  interested in  pursuing higher studies can specialized themselves  in any of the concerned area such as Ethno botany, Forestry, Plant physiology, Plant genetics, etc. Horticulture, Floriculture, Paleo botany, Plant ecology, Plant biotechnology and Phyto chemistry.

Job opportunities for graduates are available in wide range in Plant-based industries. Where graduates can work as

• Plant Scientist in various research institutes
• Plant Explorer
• Forester
• Ecologist
• Taxonomist
• Plant Biologist.

Students opting for B.Sc in Plant Pathology graduates can look for career opportunities in agrochemical companies, seed companies, fertilizer companies and agricultural consultancies. Experienced candidates can work in various research firms like tissue culture laboratories, diagnostic laboratories etc. Few job opportunities are also available in agricultural research centers. Where individual can work as

• Plant Geneticist
• Plant Breeder
• Aquatic Botanist
• Limnologist
• Plant pathologist.

Thus both the above courses are in high demands and students have good

scope and career on completion of any of this courses.

Identify the difference between B.Sc Economics and B.A Economics

There are many courses, which  seems similar but only going into the depth one can find huge difference between them. For an instance, there is an immense difference between B.Sc. economics and BA economics and which I to share with the students and people interested in it with details.

Economics is consider to be one of the best courses. It mainly deals with the economic matters like production and distribution of goods, services and other related areas like demand and supply of commodities; pricing etc. economics is useful and is inevitable in growth and development process

of our nation.

B.Sc Economics, students gets practical experience in the field of economics and deals to identify the various economic issues with solution for it. Whereas in B.A Economics students gets to know in depth about economic theories and policies. In short B.Sc economics deals more with practical knowledge in the economic field, whereas B.A Economics is more into theoretical aspects.

Both courses are normally of 3years duration. On the completion of B.Sc Economics job opportunities are available in the economic sector, whereas on the completion of B.A Economics, job opportunities are available for the candidates in areas of financial analyst, accounting jobs, teaching profession etc. Institutes like FICCI, PHDCCI recruits economic graduates to fill their vacancies in different posts. The Ministry of Economic Affairs also provides lots of job opportunities for finance candidates every year.

Hope, this information will help the students in opting for right career in economic field.

B.SC Nanotechnology and Job Opportunities

We all know about various courses such B.Com, B.A, B.Sc Physics, Maths etc.

But there are few such courses known as B.Sc Nanotechnology. This course is

having wider scope in India as well as in abroad with excellent salary package. But only few of us know about its scope and opportunities. Therefore, below information will give us in detail about B.Sc Nanotechnology.

B.Sc Nanotechnology deals with the manipulation of matter at a molecular state. It is a vast field and aspirants interested in this field must obtain the depth knowledge during the graduation itself. To opt for higher education in Nanotechnology students must complete their B.Sc Nanotechnology with the minimum 50% marks.

Following is the list of options available for the students after the completion of B.Sc Nanotechnology in this field:

Master of Science in Nanotechnology

Master of Science in Nano Sciences and Technology

Master of Business administration in Nanotechnology

Doctor of Philosophy in Nanotechnology

Post Graduate diploma in Nanotechnology

Job opportunities for a student with a higher degree in Nanotechnology are in the Public sector as well in private sector. Student can also opt for the research field or join in the following area:

Biotechnology

Product development

Environment Industry

Nano Medicine

Bioinformatics

Nanotoxicology

Nano Power generating sector

Stem cell development

Health Industry

Space research

Forensic Science

Army

National Security

Genetics

Research Institutes

Agriculture.

So next time, if any one needs ideas in choosing career, do not forget to give

details about B.Sc Nanotechnology.

B.Sc Sociology and Career

Many of the students choose their career courses without much investigation

or information. Thus, after completion of particular courses they remain in

total dilemma or become frustrated. Before choosing any career, proper

information related to the interested courses must be obtained and discussed

in details.

It is always recommended to discuss about the scope and career opportunities

related to few courses and B.Sc Sociology is one among them. Therefore the given

below information will guide the student to know more about this course in detail.

Sociology deals with the study which covers all the aspects of society like factors

that affects the society, social issues and its effects. It also educates the students about

the social issues and its effects on the society.

B.SC Sociology graduation course is comprised of 3year and basic eligibility is the 

completion of 12th standard. Reputed college who offer such courses in India is

University of Delhi, Aligarh University, Anna University, Calcutta University and

 Madras University.

Regards to the job prospects, this field is not yet explored much but many NGO in

India are working on it. Student after completion of B.Sc Sociology can opt for

marketing field or management side in many companies. And One must have a good 

communication skills and awareness of current updates.

Scope and Career in Biotechnology:

Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine, and other fields requiring bio products. Biotechnology also utilizes these products for manufacturing purposes. Modern use of similar terms includes genetic engineering as well as cell and tissue culture technologies.

Biotechnology is one of the most emerging fields. Having wider scope in India and overseas too. Many students, after completion of B.Sc in Biotechnology remains in dilemma related to the opting of the higher courses.

To guide the students about this emerging field with proper career opportunities, I have given few details which will help the students

in getting their required information.

After completion of B.Sc Biotechnology, few short term courses in this field are:

• Advanced Diploma in Biotechnology
• Advanced Post Graduate Diploma in Clinical Research & Regulatory Affairs, Biotechnology Training
• Certificate Program in Clinical Research
• Diploma in Biotechnology.

Some of the courses for the students for higher studies after the completion of their graduate studies are:

• Master of Technology in Biotechnology
• Integrated PhD courses
• Master of Philosophy in Biotechnology
• Master of Science in Applied Biotechnology
• Master of Science in Zoology (Animal Biotechnology)
• Master of Science in Biotechnology
• Master of Science in Industrial Biotechnology
• Master of Science in Marine Biotechnology
• Master of Science in Medical Biotechnology
• Master of Science in Plant Biotechnology
• PhD in biological sciences
• Ph.D. Biotechnology
• Post Graduate Diploma in Biotechnology
• Post Graduate Diploma in Clinical Research
• Post M.Sc. (Agriculture) Biotechnology
• Graduate Diploma in Pharma Biotechnology
• Master of Veterinary Science in (Animal) Biotechnology
• M.Tech. Biotechnology
• Master of Science in. / Master of Veterinary Science in Veterinary Biotechnology
• Master of Technology in Biomedical Engineering / Biotechnology

Employment Opportunities:

Multiple career opportunities is at present emerging for the professionals of biotechnology and some of the areas are :

• Agriculture Industries
• Agro Based Industries
• Aquaculture Industries
• Chemical Industries
• Colleges And Universities
• Environmental Specialist
• Food Processing Industries
• Media Houses As Science Writer
• Pharmaceutical Companies
• Research Laboratories.

Hope this information will guide the students in choosing right branch

of biotechnology.

Students and their career in Statistics field

If you are a student who is interested in exploring more in mathematics,

Then, opt best for Statistics courses after the completion of 12^th.  Various scope and job opportunities related this field is available in various sectors like, statistical organizations, IT firms and in market research firms.

Various institutes offers courses related to the statistics field.  And selection procedure of the students is based entirely on the mark scored by them in an

entrance test conducted by the institutes itself.

Various undergraduate courses in this field are:

• Bachelor of Arts in Statistics
• Bachelor of Science in Applied Statistics
• Bachelor of Science in Statistics
• Bachelor of Science in Computer Science Statistics
• Bachelor of Science (Honors) in Statistics
• Bachelor of Commerce in Statistics

Availability of higher studies options includes:

• Master of Commerce in Statistics
• Master of Arts in Actuarial Statistics
• Master of Arts in Statistics
• Master of Science in Statistics
• Master of Science in Applied Statistics and Informatics
• Master of Science in Maths and Statistics
• Master of Philosophy in Statistics
• Master of Philosophy in Maths and Statistics
• Doctor of Philosophy in Statistics
• Doctor of Philosophy in Maths and Statistics

Other courses:

Post Graduate Diploma in Computational Mathematics and Statistics

Preparing for Statistics course.

Statistics courses are consider to be one of the best career option for those students who are interested to explore the applications of Mathematics after 12th standard. Therefore, one opting for such courses must have sound knowledge in mathematics and good logical skills.

Know about the few Courses

Sometimes, we come across the name of the courses like Arboriculture, Floriculture Horticulture and Plant Pathology and get confused with all of them. Therefore I have taken few initiatives to make these courses clearly understandable among the students, and the people interested in it.

Arboriculture deals with the selection, planting, and scientific nurturing of shrubs and trees.

Floriculture is concerned with the cultivation and fostering of flowering and ornamental plants for precincts, gardens, floristry and the floral industry.

Horticulture identifies different aspects and methods involved in plant cultivation.

Plant Pathology analyses the diseases in plants due to the infection of pest or pathogens.

To understand the above courses in better way, I have given below the above courses in details:

Arboriculture:

Arboriculture is one of the subdivisions of horticulture. And courses available is B.Sc. and M.Sc in Arboriculture, and those who are interested in research and development activities in the concerned areas have to pursue the PhD programs in Arboriculture. The area of work profiles for Arborists is in fertilization, pathogen control and pruning the trees to increase the aesthetics of the garden. More job opportunities is available in Forestry, Arboriculture equipment and chemical manufacturing companies, Arboreta, tree research centers and Public utility companies.

Floriculture:

Floriculture has wide scope in India as well as abroad. Students interested in making career in this area can opt for graduation program in Agriculture and can further pursue post graduation program in Floriculture. Various employment opportunities in this area is in cosmetic and perfume industry, nurseries, and garden centers, Cooperative Extension Service, universities and so on. Where professionals can work in the floricultural sector as estate managers, agricultural experts, superintendents and project coordinators.

Plant Pathology:

Field of Plant pathology is all related to the study and identification of various infectious diseases caused by Pathogens in Plants

The subject also deals with the identification of kind of diseases, its impact on humans, as well as economic impacts, disease cycle in plants and epidemiology. Some of its specialized fields in pathology are –Entomology, Nematology, Weed Sciences. Graduates in Plant Pathology have the job opportunities in areas of

• Administration
• Extension
• Private Practice
• Product Development
• Regulatory Work
• Research
• Sales
• Teaching.

Horticulture:

B.Sc graduates in Horticulture can go for the higher courses either in Horticulture or can opt for MBA. The candidate’s looks forward in the same field have the various studies option like,

M.Phil. (Horticulture)

M.Sc. (Agriculture - Water Management)

M.Sc. (Agriculture Horticulture)

M.Sc. (Genetics and Plant Breeding)

M.Sc. (Horticulture- Fruit Production and Post Harvest Technology)

M.Sc. (Horticulture-Floriculture and Land Scalping)

M.Sc. (Horticulture-Vegetable Science)

M.Sc. (Plant Protection)

Ph.D. (Horticulture - Vegetable Science)

Ph.D. (Horticulture)

Ph.D. (Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry)

Short Term courses after Graduation in Horticulture:

• Advanced Diploma in Floriculture
• Diploma Course in Floriculture
• Post Graduate Diploma in Applied Agriculture and Information Technology
• Certificate Course In Floriculture
• Certificate Course In Raising of House Plant
• Diploma in Fruit Production
• Diploma in Vegetable Production.

After graduation, interested students can opt for research in the following areas:

• Arboriculture
• Floriculture
• Landscape horticulture
• Oleri culture
• Pomology
• Viticulture
• Post harvest physiology.

Job Opportunities in various sectors.

• Cropping systems engineers
• Wholesale or retail business managers
• Propagators and tissue culture specialists
• Crop inspectors
• Crop production advisers
• Extension specialists
• Plant breeders
• Research scientists
• Teachers.